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- Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Description
BCK Series Universal Testing Machines supplied completed with UTM Software. It has a wide range of applications. A number of materials and metals in different forms and shapes can be tested for a variety of tests like tension, Compression, Transverse, Bend, Shear, Brinell Hardness, etc. Special attachments are also available for testing of flat belts, chain links, wire ropes etc
Application
Universal Testing Machines have a wide range of applications. A number of materials and metals in different forms and shapes can be tested for a variety of tests like tension, Compression, Transverse, Bend, Shear, Brinell Hardness, etc. Special attachments are also available for testing of flat belts, chain links, wire ropes etc
Features
Features of UTM Software:
- The UTM software can run a variety of mechanical tests, recall data from previous test & prepare test report.
- Menu driven software for easy of use.
- Test reports & graphs can be sent directly to the printer via parallel port or USB port.
- Storage & retrieval of test parameters.
- Display of load elongation (Stress & Strain are optional) at any instant throughout the test
- On line display of load Vs elongation or Stress Vs Strain characteristics during conduction of test. The plot is auto scaled & displayed.
- Selected units (kN, kgf, lbf, mm, inch)
- Variable sample break detection.
- Load is indicated with a resolution of 0.01% of machine capacity for the entire measurement range of 2% to 100% of machine capacity
- Elongation is indicated with a resolution of 0.1mm
- Provision of auto-Zeroing of Elongation at set pre-load
- Tare load and Reset elongation facilities available
- Auto-Detection of over load, over travel and specimen break. On detection of any of these conditions, the machine is automatically switched OFF.
- High precision sensors and encoders used for load and elongation measurement.
- Large storage capacity data storing data (up to 50,000 sets) on the computer.
- Provision for calculations of parameters such as load and elongation at yield, peak load at break. Yield stress, Ultimate stress etc. The parameters to be calculated are user selectable.
- Test conditions, test data and test results are stored in a specific file based on a unique file structure.
- Built in facility for printing the test results and test graph from PC. A printer copy of consolidated test results conducted travel Vs Time, Load Vs extension, Stress Vs Strain etc. are available.
- Specific software for tensile, compression, shear, Bend, TOR-Steel and other tests
Specifications
|
Model |
UNITS |
BCK-UTM-10 |
BCK-UTM-20 |
BCK-UTM-40 |
BCK-UTM-60 |
BCK-UTM-100 |
|
|
Max capacity |
kN |
100 |
200 |
400 |
600 |
1000 |
|
|
1st Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-100 |
0-200 |
0-400 |
0-600 |
0-1000 |
|
|
2nd Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-50 |
0-100 |
0-200 |
0-300 |
0-500 |
|
|
3rd Measuring Resolution |
kN |
0-25 |
0-50 |
0-100 |
0-120 |
0-250 |
|
|
4th Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-10 |
0-20 |
0-40 |
0-60 |
0-100 |
|
|
Max Clearance for Tensile Test |
mm |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 850 |
50 - 850 |
|
|
Max. Clearnace for Compression Test |
mm |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 850 |
0 - 850 |
|
|
Clearance between columns |
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
750 |
750 |
|
|
Ram Stroke |
mm |
150 |
200 |
200 |
250 |
250 |
|
|
Straining/piston speed at load |
mm/min |
0 - 300 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 80 |
0 - 80 |
|
|
Electric Supply |
kW |
1.3 |
1.3 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
3 ph. 440 volts 50 Hz |
|||||
|
Dimension |
L |
2030 |
2030 |
2060 |
2420 |
2420 |
|
|
Weight(approx.) |
kg. |
1500 |
1500 |
2500 |
5500 |
5500 |
|
*Due to continuous efforts to improve the performance, technical specifications mentioned may change without prior notice.
Accessories
Standard Accessories
- Pair for compression plate dia (mm): 120
- Tension Test Jaws:
- For Round Specimen dia (mm): 10-20, 20-30
- For Flat Specimen Thickness (mm): 0-10, 10-20
- Max. Width of Flat Specimen (mm): 50
- Tension Test Jaws:
- Adjustable Roller Support of width (mm): 150
- Diameter (mm): 30
- With Max. adjustable clearance (mm): 450
- Punch Tops of radius (mm): 6
- Punch tops of radius (mm): 12
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Computerized Universal Testing Machine (BCK-UTM)
Indian Model
Description
It hase High Loading accuracy as +1% straining at variable speed to suit a wide range of materials. Continuous roll autographic recorder supplied as standard to enabled study of the behaviour of materials. Motor driven threaded columns for quick effortless adjustment of lower crosshead to facilitate rapid fixing of test specimen. High reading accuracy due to large size and design
of dial. Wide range of standard and special accessories, including load stabilizer easy change from plain to threaded and screwed specimen. Large effective clearance between columns enables testing of standard specimen
as well as structures. Simple controls for ease of an extremely rigid construction. Safe operation by means of safety devices. Fully enclosed a
protected pendulum.
Application
our BDI Series Universal Testing Machine is designed for testing metals and other materials under tension, compression, bending, transverse and shears load.
Hardness test on metals can also be conducted.
Features
Principle of operation :
Operation of the machine is by hydraulic transmission of load from the test specimen to a separately housed load indicator, the system is ideal since it replaces transmission of load through levers and knife edges, which are prone to wear and damage due to shock on rupture of the pieces.
Load is applied by a hydrostatically lubricated ram. Main cylinder pressure is transmitted to the cylinder of the pendulum dynamometer system housed in
the control panel. The cylinder of the dynamometer is also of self-lubricating designed. To load transmitted to the cylinder of the dynamometer is transfer though a lever system the pendulum displacement of the pendulum actuates the rack and pinion mechanism which operates the load indicator pointer and
autographic recorder. The deflection of the pendulum represents the absolute load applied on the test specimen. Return movement of the pendulum is
effectively damped to absorb energy in the event of sudden breakage of the specimen.
Machine consists of straining unit:
This consists of a hydraulic cylinder motor with chain sprocket driven and a table coupled with the ram of the hydraulic cylinder, mounted on to a robust base. The cylinder and the ram are individually lapped to eliminate friction. The upper cress-head is rigidly fixed to the table by two straight columns.
The lower cross-head is connected to two screwed columns which are driven by a motor. Axial loading of the ram is ensured by relieving the cylinder and ram of any possible side loading by the provision of ball setting.
An displacement elongation scale with a minimum graduation of 1 mm is provided to measure the deformation of the specimen Tension test is conducted by gripping the test specimen between the upper and cross heads.
Compression, transverse, bending shear and hardness test are conduct between the lower cross-head the table. The lower cross-head can be raised or lower rapidly by operating the screwed columns, thus facilitating ease of fixing of the test specimen.
Power pack :
The power pack generates the maximum pressure of 200 kgf/cm the hydraulic pump provides continuously non-pulsating oil flow. Hence the load application is very smooth.
Hydraulic controls:
Hand operated wheels are used to control the flow to and from the hydraulic cylinder. The regulation of oil flow is infinitely variable. Incorporated in hydraulic system is a regulating valve, which maintains a practically constant rate of piston movement. Control by the valve allows extensometer reading to be taken
Specifications
|
Model Nos. |
UNITS |
BDI-UTK-10E |
BDI-UTK-20E |
BDI-UTK-40E |
BDI-UTK-60E |
BDI-UTK-100E |
|
Max capacity |
kN |
100 |
200 |
400 |
600 |
1000 |
|
1st Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
5 N upto
20 kN |
10N upto |
.02kN upto 80kN |
.03kN upto 120kN |
.05kN upto 200kN |
|
2nd Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
|||||
|
3rd Measuring Resolution |
kN |
|||||
|
4th Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
|||||
|
Max Clearance for Tensile Test |
mm |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 800 |
50 - 850 |
|
Max. Clearance for Compression Test |
mm |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 800 |
0 - 850 |
|
Clearance between columns |
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
600 |
750 |
|
Ram Stroke |
mm |
100 |
200 |
200 |
250 |
250 |
|
Straining/piston speed at load |
mm/min |
0 - 300 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 100 |
0 - 80 |
|
Electric Supply |
kW |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.75 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
|
3 ph. 440 volts 50 Hz |
||||||
|
Dimension (mm approx.) |
L |
2030 |
2030 |
2060 |
2270 |
2420 |
|
Weight(approx.) |
kg. |
1500 |
1500 |
2500 |
3500 |
5500 |
*Due to continuous efforts to improve the performance, technical specifications mentioned may change without prior notice.
Accessories
STANDARD ACCESSORIES:
|
For Tension Test: Clamping jaws for round specimens dia. |
mm |
10 - 20 |
10 - 20 |
10 - 25 |
10 - 25 |
10 - 25 |
|
|
Clamping |
Thickness |
mm |
0-10 |
0-10 |
0 - 15 |
0 - 15 |
0-22 |
|
Width |
mm |
50 |
50 |
65 |
70 |
70 |
|
|
For compression |
mm |
120 |
120 |
120 |
120 |
160 |
|
|
For Transverse |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Width of rollers |
mm |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
|
|
Diameter of rollers |
mm |
30 |
30 |
30 |
50 |
50 |
|
|
Max. clearance between supports |
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
600 |
800 |
|
|
Radius of punch tops |
mm |
6,12 |
6,12 |
12,16 |
16,22 |
16,22 |
|
*Due to continuous efforts to improve the performance, technical specifications mentioned may change without prior notice.
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Digital Universal Testing Machine (BDI-UTM)
Description
BANBROS offer Mechanical Universal testing Machines BAI Series UTM Machine. Loading accuracy as high +1% straining at variable speed to suit a wide range of materials. Continuous roll autographic recorder supplied as standard to enabled study of the behaviour of materials. Motor driven threaded columns for quick effortless adjustment of lower crosshead to facilitate rapid fixing of test specimen.
High reading accuracy due to large size and design of dial. Wide range of standard and special accessories, including load stabilizer easy change from plain to threaded and screwed specimen. Large effective clearance between columns enables testing of standard specimen as well as structures. Simple controls for ease of an extremely rigid construction. Safe operation by means of safety devices. Fully enclosed aprotected pendulum.
Operation of the machine is by hydraulic transmission of load from the test specimen to a separately housed load indicator, the system is ideal since it replaces transmission of load through levers and knife edges, which are prone to wear and damage due to shock on rupture of the pieces.
Load is applied by a hydrostatically lubricated ram. Main cylinder pressure is transmitted to the cylinder of the pendulum dynamometer system housed in
the control panel. The cylinder of the dynamometer is also of self-lubricating designed. To load transmitted to the cylinder of the dynamometer is transfer though a lever system the pendulum displacement of the pendulum actuates the rack and pinion mechanism which operates the load indicator pointer and
autographic recorder.
The deflection of the pendulum represents the absolute load applied on the test specimen. Return movement of the pendulum is effectively damped to absorb energy in the event of sudden breakage of the specimen.
Application
Banbros Universal Testing Machine is designed for testing metals and other materials under tension, compression, bending, transverse and shears load.
Hardness test on metals can also be conducted.
Features
This consists of a hydraulic cylinder motor with chain sprocket driven and a table coupled with the ram of the hydraulic cylinder, mounted on to a robust base.
The cylinder and the ram are individually lapped to eliminate friction. The upper cress-head is rigidly fixed to the table by two straight columns.
The lower cross-head is connected to two screwed columns which are driven by a motor. Axial loading of the ram is ensured by relieving the cylinder and ram of any possible side loading by the provision of ball setting.
An displacement elongation scale with a minimum graduation of 1 mm is provided to measure the deformation of the specimen.
Tension test is conducted by gripping the test specimen between the upper and cross heads. Compression, transverse, bending shear and hardness test are conduct between the lower cross-head the table. The lower cross-head can be raised or lower rapidly by operating the screwed columns, thus facilitating ease of fixing of the test specimen.
The control panel consist of a power pack complete with drive motor and an oil tank, control values, a pendulum dynamometer, a load indicator system
and an autographic recorder.
The power pack generates the maximum pressure of 200 kgf/cm the hydraulic pump provides continuously non-pulsating oil flow. Hence the load application is very smooth.
Hand operated wheels are used to control the flow to and from the hydraulic cylinder. The regulation of oil flow is infinitely variable. Incorporated in hydraulic system is a regulating valve, which maintains a practically constant rate of piston movement. Control by the valve allows extensometer reading to be taken.
Specifications
|
Model |
UNITS |
UTK-10 |
UTK-20 |
UTK-40 |
UTK-60 |
UTK-100 |
|
Max capacity |
kN |
100 |
200 |
400 |
600 |
1000 |
|
1st Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-100 |
0-200 |
0-400 |
0-600 |
0-1000 |
|
2nd Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-50 |
0-100 |
0-200 |
0-300 |
0-500 |
|
3rd Measuring Resolution |
kN |
0-25 |
0-50 |
0-100 |
0-120 |
0-250 |
|
4th Measuring Range Resolution |
kN |
0-10 |
0-20 |
0-40 |
0-60 |
0-100 |
|
Max Clearance for Tensile Test |
mm |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 700 |
50 - 800 |
50 - 850 |
|
Max. Clearance for Compression Test |
mm |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 700 |
0 - 800 |
0 - 850 |
|
Clearance between columns |
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
600 |
750 |
|
Ram Stroke |
mm |
100 |
200 |
200 |
250 |
250 |
|
Straining/piston speed at load |
mm/min |
0 - 300 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 150 |
0 - 100 |
0 - 80 |
|
Electric Supply |
kW |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.75 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
|
3 phase. 440 volts 50 Hz |
||||||
|
Dimension |
L |
2030 |
2030 |
2060 |
2270 |
2420 |
|
Weight(approx.) |
kg. |
1500 |
1500 |
2500 |
3500 |
5500 |
*Due to continuous efforts to improve the performance, technical specifications mentioned may change without prior notice.
Accessories
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
|
For Tension Test: Clamping jaws for round specimens dia. |
mm |
10 - 20 |
10 - 20 |
10 - 25 |
10 - 25 |
10 - 25 |
|
|
Clamping |
Thickness |
mm |
0-10 |
0-10 |
0 - 15 |
0 - 15 |
0-22 |
|
Width |
mm |
50 |
50 |
65 |
70 |
70 |
|
|
For compression |
mm |
120 |
120 |
120 |
120 |
160 |
|
|
For Transverse |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Width of rollers |
mm |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
|
|
Diameter of rollers |
mm |
30 |
30 |
30 |
50 |
50 |
|
|
Max. clearance between supports |
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
600 |
800 |
|
|
Radius of punch tops |
mm |
6,12 |
6,12 |
12,16 |
16,22 |
16,22 |
|
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Mechanical Universal testing Machines (BAI-UTM)
Mechanical-Series
Description
Dule Coloumn Floor Model Universal Testing Systems are universal, static testing Machine that perform tensile and compression testing and also perform shear, flexure, peel, tear, cyclic, and bend tests.
This Series are engineered for precision, built for durability, and offer the flexibility for changing requirements. They are designed with standard and optional features that increase testing efficiency and improve the testing experience for the operator.
These models are robust, heavy-duty frames commonly used for testing high-strength metals and alloys, advanced composites, aerospace and automotive structures, bolts, fasteners, and plate steels.
Frames are available in load capacities of 100, 200, 250, 300kN; and several variations are available to accommodate requirements for both extended travel and extra wide test space.
Application
These Heavy duty Computerized Universal Testing Machines are widely used for industrial application, factory quality control, science and research institute, QC &QA college student training, education institute, testing and inspection center, laboratories, construction company, aerospace, mechanical production, electric appliance fields.
Features
It Comply with Following Quality Standards
- ASTM D638,
- ASTM D695,
- ASTM D790,
- ASTM D412, 624,
- ASTM D882,
- ISO 527, ISO 37,
- ISO 604, ISO 178
- Other equivalent BS, ASTM, JIS standard.
Specifications
|
Load capacity |
200KN |
300KN |
|
Multiple load cell in one machine function |
YES |
|
|
Load Accuracy |
Class 1/0.5 according ISO7500-1 |
|
|
Load cell overload capacity |
150% of rate capacity |
|
|
Load measuring resolution |
1/500000 FS, stepless |
|
|
Position / displacement resolution |
0.001mm |
|
|
Crosshead travel |
1250mm |
|
|
Tensile test space |
750mm |
|
|
Compression test space |
850mm |
|
|
Effective testing width (Clearance between columns) |
600mm |
|
|
Standard tensile test fixture |
Hydraulic automatic wedge grip |
|
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
0-26mm |
|
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
Φ4-Φ32mm |
|
|
Compression platen diameter |
Φ100mm |
|
|
Testing speed range |
0.001 mm/min～500 mm/min, stepless, adjustable arbitrarily |
|
|
Weight |
1200kg |
|
|
Dimensions |
1100×900×2450mm |
|
|
Standard Power |
380/220V, 50/60HZ, 3 phase |
|
|
Analysis software |
SmartTest English version |
|
|
Working system |
MS Win7 / Win10 |
|
|
Frame structure |
Standard: Dual test space |
|
Accessories
This Machine will be supplied with following Standard Accessories
|
High Stiffness Frame |
1 set |
|
Servo driving system: |
1 set |
|
Loadcell: |
1 set |
|
Decelerator and deceleration system |
1 set |
|
Leading screw: |
1 set |
|
Wedge tensile test fixture |
1 set |
|
Compression test fixture(Φ100mm) |
1 set |
|
Professional testing software(SmartTest, English version) |
1 set |
|
Bending test fixture |
1 set |
|
Computer |
1 set |
|
Printer |
1 set |
|
Documents (Manual, packing list, certificate) |
|
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Computerized Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Imported
Description
Dual Column Floor Type Testing Systems are universal, static testing systems that perform tensile and compression testing; and also perform shear, flexure, peel, tear, cyclic, and bend tests. This series are engineered for precision, built for durability, and offer the flexibility for changing requirements.They are designed with standard and optional features that increase testing efficiency and improve the testing experience for the operator. Dual column systems are multi-purpose instruments that are commonly used for plastics, metals, rubber materials, automotive components, composites, and non-ambient temperature applications.
Application
Main application:
Applications solutions include medical devices, biomaterials, textiles, elastomers, food, small components, wire, paper, plastic, film, fibers and threads, adhesives and many more.
Widely used for industrial application, factory quality control, science and research institute, QC &QA college student training, education institute, testing and inspection center, laboratories, construction company, aerospace, mechanical production, electric appliance fields.
Features
Comply with following standards
- ASTM D638,
- ASTM D695,
- ASTM D790,
- ASTM D412, 624,
- ASTM D882,
- ISO 527,
- ISO 37,
- ISO 604,
- ISO 178
- Other equivalent BS, ASTM, JIS standard.
Specifications
|
Load capacity |
100KN |
|
Frame proof load capacity |
200% of rate capacity |
|
Multiple load cell in one machine function |
YES |
|
Load Accuracy |
Class 1/0.5 according ISO7500-1 |
|
Load cell overload capacity |
150% of rate capacity |
|
Load measuring resolution |
1/500000 FS, stepless |
|
Position / displacement resolution |
0.001mm |
|
Crosshead travel |
1200mm |
|
Tensile test space |
700mm |
|
Compression test space |
800mm |
|
Effective testing width (Clearance between columns) |
500mm |
|
Standard tensile test fixture |
Manual wedge type |
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
0-20mm |
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
Φ4-Φ20mm |
|
Compression platen diameter |
Φ100mm |
|
Testing speed range |
0.001 mm/min～500 mm/min, stepless, adjustable arbitrarily |
|
Weight |
650kg |
|
Dimensions |
860×600×2050mm |
|
Standard Power |
220/110V, 50/60HZ, 1 phase |
|
Analysis software |
SmartTest English version |
|
Working system |
MS Win7 / Win10 |
|
Frame structure |
Standard: Dual test space |
Accessories
|
High Stiffness Frame |
1 set |
|
Servo driving system: |
1 set |
|
Loadcell: |
1 set |
|
Decelerator and deceleration system |
1 set |
|
Leading screw: |
1 set |
|
Wedge tensile test fixture |
1 set |
|
Compression test fixture(Φ100mm) |
1 set |
|
Professional testing software (SmartTest, English version) |
1 set |
|
Bending test fixture |
1 set |
|
Computer |
1 set |
|
Printer |
1 set |
|
Documents (Manual, packing list, certificate) |
|
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Computerized Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Imported
Description
WDW Series UTM machines are Dual Column Floor Type Testing Systems are universal, static testing systems that perform tensile and compression testing; and also perform shear, flexure, peel, tear, cyclic, and bend tests. This series are engineered for precision, built for durability, and offer the flexibility for changing requirements.They are designed with standard and optional features that increase testing efficiency and improve the testing experience for the operator.
Application
Applications solutions include medical devices, biomaterials, textiles, elastomers, food, small components, wire, paper, plastic, film, fibers and threads, adhesives and many more.
Widely used for industrial application, factory quality control, science and research institute, QC &QA college student training, education institute, testing and inspection center, laboratories, construction company, aerospace, mechanical production, electric appliance fields.
Features
Comply with different standards such as
- ASTM D638,
- ASTM D695,
- ASTM D790,
- ASTM D412, 624,
- ASTM D882, ISO 527,
- ISO 37, ISO 604,
- ISO 178
- Other equivalent BS, ASTM, JIS standard.
Specifications
|
Load capacity |
10KN |
20KN |
30KN |
50KN |
|
Frame proof load capacity |
300% of rate capacity |
|||
|
Multiple load cell in one machine function |
YES |
|||
|
Load Accuracy |
Class 1/0.5 according ISO7500-1 |
|||
|
Load cell overload capacity |
150% of rate capacity |
|||
|
Load measuring resolution |
1/500000 FS, stepless |
|||
|
Position / displacement resolution |
0.001mm |
|||
|
Crosshead travel |
1200mm |
|||
|
Tensile test space |
700mm |
|||
|
Compression test space |
800mm |
|||
|
Effective testing width (Clearance between columns) |
500mm |
|||
|
Standard tensile test fixture |
Manual wedge type |
|||
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
0-20mm |
|||
|
Wedge tensile fixture Flat specimen range |
Φ4-Φ20mm |
|||
|
Compression platen diameter |
Φ100mm |
|||
|
Testing speed range |
0.001 mm/min～500 mm/min, stepless, adjustable arbitrarily (Optional max. 1000mm/min) |
|||
|
Weight |
450Kg~600kg |
|||
|
Standard Power |
220/110V, 50/60HZ, 1 phase |
|||
|
Analysis software |
Smart-Test English version |
|||
|
Working system |
MS Win7 / Win10 |
|||
|
Frame structure |
Standard: Dual test space |
|||
Accessories
|
High Stiffness Frame |
1 set |
|
Servo driving system: |
1 set |
|
Loadcell: |
1 set |
|
Decelerator and deceleration system |
1 set |
|
Leading screw: |
1 set |
|
Wedge tensile test fixture |
1 set |
|
Compression test fixture(Φ100mm) |
1 set |
|
Professional testing software (Smartest, English version) |
1 set |
|
Computer |
1 set |
|
Printer |
1 set |
|
Documents (Manual, packing list, certificate) |
|
Software Description
Download
ENQUIRY
Computerized Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Imported